Nursing diagnosis Self mutilation

Self-mutilation

Self-mutilation

Domain 11. Safety-protection
Class 3. Violence
Diagnostic Code: 00151
Nanda label: Self-mutilation
Diagnostic focus: Self-mutilation

Table of Contents

Nursing Diagnosis Self-Mutilation

Self-mutilation is an act of self-harmful behavior, often accompanied by feelings of annoyance, helplessness, or distress. It may be intentional or accidental, and in some cases, repeated. It affects both physical and emotional health and is considered a mental health symptom for many people. This article looks at the NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Self-Mutilation and relevant factors to consider when caring for a person who self-mutilates.

NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Definition

The NANDA Nursing Diagnosis definition states that self-mutilation is defined as intentional self-injury without the intent of suicide. This includes any form of injury inflicted on oneself such as cutting, burning, pinching, and biting, as well as various other forms of self-laceration.

Defining Characteristics

  • Subjective: Expressions of worry and fatigue; sadness, hopelessness, and lack of pleasure in activities; feelings of shame and guilt
  • Objective: Self–injury marks, scars, and bruises; significant wounds; tendency to isolate and avoid activities; problems in relationships; changes in sleep patterns; increase in aggressiveness or impulsiveness.

Related Factors

  • Impaired recall memory and problem-solving skills
  • History of physical, sexual, or psychological abuse or neglect
  • Family history of self-injury or suicide
  • Lack of safety and security within the environment
  • Depression, anxiety, or mood swings
  • Substance misuse
  • Unresolved developmental stages
  • Presence of a medical disorder

At Risk Population

People between the ages of 18-24 are most at risk of engaging in self-mutilation. It is estimated that more than 1 in 10 individuals in this age category have engaged in self-mutilating behaviors. Other risk factors for self-mutilation include having a history of child abuse, gender dysphoria, borderline personality disorder, and substance misuse.

Associated Conditions

  • Eating disorders
  • Depression
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Anxiety disorders

Suggestions of Use

Healthcare professionals working with clients at risk of self-mutilation should develop trust with their clients through open communication and acceptance. Having an open dialogue about feelings, thoughts, and needs can help prevent a client from engaging in self-mutilation behaviors. Additionally, healthcare workers should provide a safe, non-judgmental environment, maintain client confidentiality, recognize the signs of self-mutilation, use simple language, and provide relevant support and resources.

Suggested Alternative NANDA Nursing Diagnoses

  • Chronic Low Self-Esteem
  • Risk for Self-Directed Violence
  • Disturbed Body Image
  • Psychosocial Isolation
  • Disturbed Sleep Pattern
  • Social Isolation
  • Ineffective Coping
  • Injury, Risk for

Usage Tips

When working with clients at risk of self-mutilation, healthcare professionals should: assess for risk of suicide; identify and modify environmental triggers; provide stable and supportive relationships; create individualized plans of care; create and maintain an ethical practice that respects and values autonomy; maintain sensitivity to the cultural and spiritual aspects of care; and encourage collaboration among the healthcare team.

NOC Outcomes

  • Self-Care: The client's ability to take care of themselves and make decisions that foster their health, wellness, and dignity.
  • Self-Esteem: The client's assessment of their self-worth.
  • Coping: The client's ability to use appropriate coping strategies to address challenging or stressful situations.
  • Reinforcing Routines: The client's understanding and utilization of reinforcement strategies to combat unhealthy behaviors and maintain healthy habits.
  • Relapse Prevention: The client's recognition and avoidance of behaviors that could lead to relapse.

Evaluation Objectives and Criteria

To determine if a client is making positive progress towards reducing their risk of self-mutilation, healthcare professionals should assess them according to the following criteria: improved impulse control, increased coping strategies, increased insight into triggers for self-mutilation, increased self-awareness of comfort level, improved collaboration with members of the healthcare team.

NIC Interventions

  • Psychoeducation: Providing information about the risks and consequences of self-mutilation.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Utilizing cognitive behavioral strategies to learn to recognize triggers and modify behaviors.
  • Recreational Therapy: Participating in leisurely activities to reduce stress and create positive coping strategies.
  • Family Therapy: Working together to remove barriers and improve communication within family units.
  • Group Therapy: Utilizing healthy group dynamics to provide support and build self-responsibility.
  • Medication Management: Using a combination of medications to help stabilize events that trigger self-mutilation behaviors.

Nursing Activities

  • Fostering the development of trust.
  • Encouraging patient-family participation in care.
  • Facilitating patient-specific interventions.
  • Providing support and education around self-mutilation.
  • Establishing safety boundaries.
  • Using consistent and respectful communication.
  • Collaborating with the client to develop personalized safety plans.
  • Monitoring for changes in symptoms.
  • Referring clients to therapy, social services, and/or outpatient providers.

Conclusion

Self-mutilation is a serious condition that often has physical and psychological repercussions. Healthcare professionals should be knowledgeable of the NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Self-Mutilation and associated risk factors. It is important to recognize warning signs and intervene appropriately. With proper care and support, clients can make positive progress towards reducing their risk of self-mutilation.

5 FAQs

  1. What is NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Self-Mutilation?

    NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Self-Mutilation is an intentional self-injury without the intent of suicide. This includes any form of injury inflicted on oneself such as cutting, burning, pinching, and biting, as well as various other forms of self-laceration.

  2. Who is at risk for self-mutilation?

    People between the ages of 18-24 are most at risk of engaging in self-mutilation. It is estimated that more than 1 in 10 individuals in this age category have engaged in self-mutilating behaviors. Other risk factors for self-mutilation include having a history of child abuse, gender dysphoria, borderline personality disorder, and substance misuse.

  3. What are related conditions associated with self-mutilation?

    Eating disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders are among the related conditions associated with self-mutilation.

  4. What are some interventions used to treat self-mutilation?

    Psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy, recreational therapy, family therapy, group therapy, and medication management are all interventions that can be used to treat self-mutilation.

  5. How can healthcare professionals evaluate patients engaging in self-mutilation?

    Healthcare professionals should assess patients who self-mutilate according to the following criteria: improved impulse control, increased coping strategies, increased insight into triggers for self-mutilation, increased self-awareness of comfort level, and improved collaboration with members of the healthcare team.

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